A comparison of cultural literacies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

A comparison of cultural literacies - Essay Example They discovered a worldwide problem with regards to the access of the people to education. Base on their reports, there from non-western countries, there is an estimated 130 million children who are about to go to school will not be able to get any basic education based on the questions of poverty and their access to schools. A systematic comparison in educational system is the bottomline to first understand how an educational system caters to the need of the greater public. The essential function of providing education for people is for them to be literate and be globally competent. This might be dependent on how education has been deviced and presented to them since the younger age up to collage and how they or they do not benefit from it. There are considerable factors that are needed to be tackled in understanding this, such as the socio-demographic condition of a particular country, cultural upbringing and religious backgrounds, technological aspect and economic factors. Clear comparison between two different two educational system in divers cultural backgrounds, economic factors etcetera is imperative.There might be strong points to show comparison between the qualities of education to locations where poverty is high than those places with lower poverty. There is also a demographic considerations that is needed to be understood to visualize an effective comparisons to the present educational system (both tradional and innovative) and to the educational system of other non-western countries. First there is already the question about traditional and innovative education and how can or cannot be effective to cater the learner’s need. Both of them has the core goal of educating the public but perspective and approaches are not similar. The concern of traditional and non-traditional of innovative education can be rooted up from the ideas of people who claimed traditional education as too conservative and therefore not

Total Rewards System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Total Rewards System - Essay Example It is the duty of the management to find some ways in which their employees are rewarded to show that they are cared for by their employers. "Motivating the individuals that work for you is one of the most important functions that you will have as a manager" (People Skills, 2006). Practically dealing with an employee and making him/her do thinks for which they are hired is one of the biggest challenge a manager of any organization faces. But there may be individuals who would work very hard for the rewards the company provides them. At the same time there are some employee who are very hard to be pleased no matter what rewards are given to them. Total Rewards is all of the tools available to the employer that may be used to attract, motivate and retain employees. Total rewards include everything the employee perceives to be of value resulting from the employment relationship (Corey Rosen et al, 2006). Through out the history of any organization the employers have always been challenged to attract, motivate and retain their employees. Right from the days of the barter systems to the present complex production formulae the organizational principle has been the same. The principle of employees providing the enterprise with productivity and results and in turn they will be provided with something of value. According to Bob Nelson raise is not the only thing which motivates an employee neither does promotion. Some intangible, unexpected gestures which shows real appreciation for a well done job sparks a person to perform his best. Companies and organizations make use of rewards and recognitions to increase their productivity and at Total Rewards 4 the same time retain their valued employees making them happier. For instance the different types of rewards or recognition can be similar to: Airplane mechanics who are rewarded with balloons and pinwheels or it can be; A manager calls his employees' mothers and thanks them for raising such industrious children or even; ideas from the offbeat (The Margarita Award) to the company-wide (a quiet room) to the embarrassingly simple (a hand-written thank you note) to the wacky (the Laugh-a-Day challenge) to the formal (a two-week promotion to special assistant to the president). Bob, Nelson 2005 In this paper, the concept of total rewards is being discussed and a comparison with the more traditional approaches to compensation and benefits has also been discoursed. Total Rewards 5 Discussion Organizations today are laying a high degree of emphasis on getting high quality credible market insights to make informed HR decisions and to manage people which are their key value differentiators (The NASSCOM-Hewitt Total Rewards Study, 2007). Historical picture: (http://www.worldatwork.org/waw/aboutus/html/aboutus-whatis.html). During the 1970s and 1980s, organizations discerned that tactically planned compensation and benefits programs gave them the edge in a quickly changing environment. It looked as if the different organizations were responding to: The development which was taking place from the global economic perspective and also

US foreign policy and Iraq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

US foreign policy and Iraq - Essay Example The essential political goals set by the Iraqi administration are concerning governance and reconciliation to the changed circumstances. Some of these goals are discussed in succeeding paragraphs.Major effort needs to be dovetailed to build national reconciliation through dialogues and consensus between all sectarian factions.Another important task at hand would be to mend the socially and politically divided factions through dialogue and confidence building measures. This would require strengthening of all the democratic institutions of the country and uphold the rule of law.To gain confidence, it is imperative to improve infrastructure and living conditions of all Iraqis and put the country on a path of peace and security. Most importantly, there is requirement to firmly deal with the challenges of insurgency, crime, sectarian violence and foreign terror outfits inciting a civil war in the region. Also on the anvil is a critical review of anti-terror and de-Ba'athifiation legislati on.While the aim of the democratically elected government is to bring back the country from its present quagmire to peace and security, these good intentions continue to be hampered due to adverse security conditions. The problem also lies in credible representation in governance. The present government is a representative form of government, but Sunni elements supported by external insurgents and terrorist organisations have considerable say in many regions, especially so in Baghdad, Ninewa, Salahuddin, Anbar, Diyala and Basra. Over 81% of attacks were reported in these provinces during past few years. The terrorist organisations still intimidate vulnerable sections of the society to participate in violent acts against civilians and security forces, attempt to create a civil war like condition, attack country's infrastructure and oil assets etc. Another problem area has been cooperation with multi-national (mainly US) forces, which have been likened by many as occupation forces rather than friendly forces. This aspect is also exploited by insurgents to incite civilian Iraqis to support their cause willingly or unwillingly. Other causes of serious concern remain the ever mounting loss of civilian lives, sense of uncertainty, high levels of sectarian violence and certain serious law and order situations. Implications of US Long Term Deployment or Early Withdrawal A recent US General Accountability Office report stated that the Iraqi government had failed to meet 11 of the 18 benchmarks established by the US regarding authorisation of troop surge recently. The Iraqi government had fully met only three of the legislative, security and economic benchmarks. (Easley, 2007) Only one legislative benchmark regarding rights of minority parties has been met, while only two benchmarks in area of security have been achieved. The government is yet to overcome militia control in certain regions; however there is reduced political interference in military operations, improvement in military capability to conduct independent operations and reduced political claims over military achievements. Economically, only partial implementation of utilisation of funds provided for infrastructural development has been achieved. While the report definitely falls short of expectations, there has been considerable progress in many areas which could not have been possible two years back. Thus, withdrawal of coalition forces at this stage would again reverse these positive developments undesirably. Perhaps, the need of

Oncogenes and Breast Cancer Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Oncogenes and Breast Cancer - Term Paper Example Thus, classification of tumors in diverse types and subtypes along with the identification of individuals who are at the potential risk of cancer is gaining prevalence. A combination of data procured from gene-expression and genomic information aids in the detection of possible new targets for designing high-throughput screening strategies for designing drugs that will lead to advances in cancer cell-targeted therapy. The present article deals with the importance of understanding for oncogenes to comprehend breast cancer. Introduction Cancer is known as malignant neoplasm, the hallmark characteristic involves uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Under normal conditions cells grow, divide and die, but in a genetic defect called mutation occur in cancer cells leading to the formation of an abnormal DNA. As genes are the basic control machine of the cells, alteration of any kind may bring devastating consequences, or malignancy. When compared with the normal cells, where damage of any k ind is taken care by the repair system, tumor cells do not have any repair mechanism for the damaged DNA and there is a constant proliferation of cells without displaying senescence hence, generating a series of abnormal cells, with altered cellular pathways for uncontrolled proliferation, figuring malignant tumors (Alberts 2007; Katzang et al. 2009). (Normal cell cycle) (Genetic mutation- causes alteration in genes) (Alberts 2007) Cancer cells manifest, to varying degrees, four characteristics that distinguish them from normal cells, comprising- uncontrolled proliferation, de-differentiation and loss of function, invasiveness and metastasis (Rang et al. 2007). The Genesis of a Cancer Cell A normal cell turns into a cancer cell because of one or more mutations in its DNA, which can be inherited or acquired. In case of the breast cancer, woman who inherits a single defective copy of either of these tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 displays an augmented risk of developing breast cancer. However, carcinogenesis is a complex, multistage process, usually involving more than one genetic change. Other epigenetic factors responsible for carcinogenesis involve epigenetic factors, such as level of hormones in the body, exposure to carcinogens and tumor promoting agents. These epigenetic factors do not produce cancer by themselves but enhances the likelihood of genetic mutation(s) resulting in cancer. These genetic changes are categorized as - A. The activation of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes: Proto-oncogenes are the normal genes present in the cells and are responsible for controlling cell division, cell differentiation and apoptosis. A triggering factor such as a virus or exposure to any carcinogen brings malignant changes in the cell. B. The inactivation of tumor suppressor genes: A cell has the mechanism to protect itself from uncontrolled proliferation and tumor formation due to expression of genes called tumor suppressor genes. These genes possess the ability to suppress malignant changes and are also referred as antioncogenes. Mutation in proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes results in the proliferation of tumor. Thus, a loss of function of tumor supp

The physical properties of glass and polymer materials PMC Essay

The physical properties of glass and polymer materials PMC - Essay Example For example, the thermal properties of polymers and composite structures can be altered through the use of a variety of fillers. The dimensions of the fillers fall on a macroscopic (1  µm-1mm) length scale (Brydson, 1999). These fillers augment the rigidity and heat deformation temperature of a polymer; because the filler makes a significant proportion of the total mass [10-40%]. Fillers and additives normally decrease the light transmission of a plastic. This report aims at discussing about the latest improvements in plastic and glass materials in the advancement of their properties, with regard to optical and thermal treatments. The report will commence by highlighting the basics of the optical and thermal properties of glass materials and PMC. Further, development in the enhancement of the properties will be outlined and evaluated to reveal latest developments and eventual achievements. Optical Properties of Plastics and Glasses Most optical elements are fabricated from glass, c rystalline materials, polymers or plastic materials (Lokensgard, 2010). The Index of fraction is the property of materials upon which the reflectance of the material is dependence. This represents the measure of change in bearing of an incident ray of light as it passes through a surface boundary. With the choice of material having been the most fundamental properties are often the degree of transparency and the R.I. as well as each property’s spectral dependency. Glass technology has provided optical elements like lenses, prisms and filters (Miller and Kurtz, 2011). The transmission of light in plastics differs greatly in their ability to transmit light. Majority of plastic materials are opaque and the surface reflection of light off the plastic determines amount of gloss on the surface. The crystalline nature of a polymer determines their optical properties. The use of photolithography in printing integrated circuits has orchestrated improvement in the transmission glasses for the ultraviolet (UV) region (Malik and Raina 2004). This is done to enhance the physical properties of the material and to acquire an effective product in the manufacturing process. Plastic optics brings about a variety of plastics suitable for inexpensive, unbreakable lens for mass production (Lokensgard, 2010). Further, when difficult or unusual shapes, lightweight or economical mass-production techniques are required, plastics are preferred though, their precision optics is limited. Plastics demonstrate huge disparities in the refractive index (R.I.) with temperature change (Brydson, 1999). According to Miller and Kurtz (2011), the technology of concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) uses optical component(s) to focus optical flux onto a relatively small photovoltaic (PV) cell. The study by Miller and Kurtz reviews the durability of Frensel lenses used in the concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) application. The utilisation of optical property can be evidenced by the composite having s ubstantial optical transparency produced by reinforcing poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with unidirectional borosilicate glass fibres (Miller et al. 2010). The achievement of the optical transparency of the compound was realised by harmonizing the refractive index (nD) of the glass fibre and polymer matrix to within  ±0.002 (Optical Glass, 2000). Further, Miller et al (2010) argues that, the durability of

Ted Turner Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ted Turner - Research Paper Example The research paper "Ted Turner" analyses the leadership qualities of Ted Turner, who is the owner of the Cable Network Channel, CNN. This includes exploring the ways in which he has established the vision in the organization and led people towards realizing that vision. The project explores the unique qualities and attributes of Turner as a leader. Particular reference is drawn in ways in which has realized an unconventional and innovative vision in the organization, his social and ethical concerns towards society, the type of structure and culture he established in the organization and his motivational techniques at the workplace. Ted Turner is a legendary example of an entrepreneurial visionary leader. This is demonstrated by the fact that he could assess and pick up a trend which people would want in the long run. This was the vision behind starting an all-news cable channel which could be accessed by people at any time of the day. CNN, besides being an immense commercial success is also a complete transformation and revolution in the way people avail news from across the globe. After the establishment of the vision, Ted worked towards implementing the vision with tenacity and will. The entrepreneurial visionary leadership of Turner gets reflected through his first purchase of channel 17, a television station in Atlanta which had a weak UHF signal. Industry experts had expected that the plan would fail even before it started. He has been particularly successful in implementing his vision in the organization and influencing his employees in believing. ... This was the vision behind starting an all news cable channel which could be accessed by people at any time of the day. CNN, besides being an immense commercial success is also a complete transformation and revolution in the way people avail news from across the globe. After establishment of the vision, Ted worked towards implementing the vision with tenacity and will. The entrepreneurial visionary leadership of Turner gets reflected through his first purchase of channel 17, a television station in Atlanta which had a weak UHF signal. Industry experts had expected that the plan would fail even before it started. However, the station emerged as a success on Turner’s application of a certain new technology which eventually revolutionised the television industry. Turner has been particularly successful in implementing his vision in the organization and influencing his employees in believing and realising that vision. Even while the Turner Broadcasting System (TBS) was spreading a cross the country, cable programs were generally regarded as producing old and low rated shows and programs. The industry was expecting for quality content and demanded high from HBO and Turner Broadcasting System. For an individual who hardly watched television programs, Ted Turner had a passion for savvy programming in his television stations. This is partly because he could perceive that which others could not, i.e. the values which lay hidden the old and worn out television movies and shows. He influenced his men and followers to believe that instead of running the shows on rental basis, he should rather own them so that he could run them frequently and as often as he wished to. Establishing this vision in the organization

Role of Teacher on Society Essay Example for Free

Role of Teacher on Society Essay Who are we? What are we? A lot of what we are was implanted in us as young children by teachers who cared enough to teach it to us. Throughout my life I was taught many of the values I have today by my educators. I was instilled with the skills of how to get along with my peers, knowing right from wrong, and realizing that the best way to get what I wanted was to respect others first. The teachers I’ve had along the way have inspired me to become a better person. They have made me recognize how I wish to be like them. I too want to help children realize their full potential. I want to be a person in their lives that they can look back on and say she helped me hope and strive for the best that I could be. In today’s society there are so many distractions in students’ lives. They have to deal with family traumas, drugs, extra-curricular activities, making their place in the world, peer pressure, jobs, etc.. When all these things are on someone’s mind it’s often hard to concentrate on school work and rules. I want the students to come to my class with the attitude that it is a place of refuge. I want them to forget about their fulfilled lives and see that learning can be fun and interesting. I want to make them realize that school isn’t just a boring place where the cafeteria food is bad. I want them to be interested by finding something they enjoy doing and maybe they’ll be able to find their places in this world a little better. It is so hard to make students understand how crucial education is. Especially in today’s society. I want to try and raise their self-esteem so they can become the people they want to be. I want to be involved in their lives so maybe if they are having problems at home they can feel like they can come to me for comfort or help. There are a few teachers who I could have gone to for assistance. I now appreciate them more than ever because they made me see hope in people. I want to be like them if not better. In order to be the teacher I would like to be I first want to challenge my students to be the best they can be. I agree with a Nation at Risk when it calls for greater academic rigor, and higher expectations for students. I want to enforce these values in my classroom as well. I’ve always been a fan of learning in groups. I found that a little assistance from fellow classmates always aided me further in my learning progress. That’s why cooperative learning will definitely be applied in my classroom. Since cooperative learning helps to amplify students interactions and processing skills it will assist children to strive for the higher expectations that society will put on them as they get older. Cooperative learning can improve on students grades, self-esteem, personal relationships, and understanding of others. Which I feel is a very good incentive to try and promote in my own curriculum. The groups should be small and circular to promote easy conversation. Within the group the assignment should be shared and the work load should be evened out between how many students there are. If the labor is shared then all students will feel like they have contributed in some way and might take it more seriously if a whole group is depending on them instead of just one person. If a student understands that he or she has a responsibility to do something within their group they will more than likely do it, because if they don’t then the individuals in the group might be upset with them and it would serve as an incentive for them to do well. Students often receive approval or rewards for a job well done in their overall performance. When I obtained praise for my accomplishments I usually always tried to repeat what I did well. I’m a firm believer in awarding children and reinforcing them when they behave and do a good job. In my classroom, I will try to make students feel like they are doing things right, and maybe they will try and achieve at everything they do. I like the idea of project-based instruction as well as cooperative learning. Trying to have children learn with real life situations is a very good concept. Asking the students higher level questions and having them involved in their own projects gives the students a taste of what â€Å"real life† has to offer. It also excites and motivates students to want to learn. If I combine cooperative learning and project-based instruction in my classroom I feel that it will be an effective way of approaching learning and getting the curriculum across to the students in a fun way. I’m aware of the different fundamental principles of teaching. Which include: essentialism, perennialism, progressivism, existentialism, reconstructionism, and behaviorism. Each have their own unique techniques of teaching, but I prefer progressivism. I’m ecstatic that there was a progressivist movement that stimulated schools to broaden their curricula, making education more relevant to the needs and interests of students. I feel that it was brilliant on John Dewey’s behalf when he states, â€Å"as we alter our relationship with our environment, we ourselves are made different by the experience. † I believe that we are changed everyday by encounters we have. Everything we do alters our lives in some way and that makes us who we are. I’m a fan of progressivism because it emphasizes the ability to have intelligent free-thinking citizens. I like the idea that progressivism is a hands on technique of teaching. John Dewey thought there should be more observing and experimenting withe the subjects. He proposed a five step methods for solving problems: (1) become aware of the problem, (2) define it, (3) propose various hypotheses to solve it. (4) examine the consequences of each hypothesis in light of previous experience, and (5) test the most likely solution. I want to apply this style of teaching in my classroom and hope that the students respond as well as I think they will. In conclusion, I want to state that I feel strongly about promoting students to excel. I feel it is essential that children are confident about themselves and what they achieve while they are attending school. I want to present to the students in my classroom that they can feel free to be themselves and try to have them interacting with others. In teaching there are teachers and then there are great teachers. I will prove to be a great teacher!